Goat anti Rabbit interleukin-1 alpha antibody recognizes rabbit interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), a 30.38 kDa pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 superfamily. It is secreted by activated macrophages and monocytes and is involved in the modulation of a wide range of immune and inflammatory responses.

IL-1α and the closely related IL-1β, are both involved in haematopoiesis and exhibit many identical immunomodulatory properties, binding to the same type I interleukin-1 receptor, also known as CD121a.