Ganglioside GM3 is a monosialoganglioside that demonstrates antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in tumor cells by modulating cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.{25490,25485} It suppresses angiogenesis and reduces proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) when used at a concentration of 20 ?M via inhibition of VEGFR2 and Akt phosphorylation.{25490,25485} Ganglioside GM3 induces dissociation of the insulin receptor-caveolin-1 complex from lipid microdomains, functioning as an inhibitor of insulin signaling and contributing to insulin resistance in adipocytes.{25481} This product contains ganglioside GM3 molecular species with primarily C22:0, C23:0, and C24:0 fatty acyl chain lengths. As this product is derived from a natural source, there may be variations in the sphingoid backbone. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1503]