4-hydroxy Nonenal Mercapturic Acid-d3

4-hydroxy Nonenal mercapturic acid-d3 contains three deuterium atoms at the terminal methyl position. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 4-HNE mercapturic acid by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. Peroxidation of common ?-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as linoleic acid, DGLA, and arachidonic acid can give rise to 4-HNE. 4-HNE is cleared rapidly from the plasma and undergoes enterohepatic circulation as a glutathione conjugate in the rat.{7334} About two thirds of an administered dose of 4-HNE is excreted within 48 hours in the urine, primarily in the form of mercapturic acid conjugates.{8626} The C-1 aldehyde of 4-HNE is reduced to an alcohol in about half of these metabolites. The remainder are C-1 aldehydes or have been oxidized to C-1 carboxylic acids. These aldehydes and carboxylic acids can also form ?-lactols and ?-lactones, respectively, producing at least four or five end urinary metabolites of 4-HNE in vivo.