sPLA2 (human, recombinant Type IID)

Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) (Type IID) is a calcium-dependent PLA2 superfamily member encoded by PLA2G2D in humans.{56210} It is composed of a highly-conserved calcium-binding loop, catalytic domain, sPLA2 type II-specific disulfide that provides stability, and a C-terminal extension but lacks the N-terminal signal peptide found in sPLA2 (Type IB) and sPLA2 (Type X). sPLA2 (Type IID) is expressed in the pancreas, spleen, thymus, colon, small intestine, placenta, and prostate, as well as in dendritic cells and macrophages.{66395,66396} It preferentially catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) over phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidic acid (PA) at the sn-2 position, liberating the free fatty acid and lysophospholipid, which serve as substrates for the synthesis of bioactive lipid metabolites.{56210,66395,66396} sPLA2 (Type IID) is involved in the adaptive immune response, immunosuppression, and inflammation.{66396,66397,55881} It has bactericidal activity against M. luteus and E. coli in vitro.{66398} Knockout of Pla2g2d decreases tumor number and weight in a mouse model of skin carcinogenesis induced by 9,10-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (9,10-DMBA) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA; Item No. 10008014) and prevents resolution of ear swelling in a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity induced by the hapten antigen dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB).{55881,66396} SNPs in PLA2G2D are associated with body weight loss in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).{66399} Cayman's sPLA2 (human, recombinant Type IID) protein can be used for enzyme activity assays.