Sphingosine Kinase 2 Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 7B3)

Sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) is an ATP-dependent lipid kinase that is encoded by the SPHK2 gene in humans.{53257} It is composed of an N-terminal domain that contains an ATP binding site and a C-terminal domain that mediates substrate binding and specificity. SPHK2 is localized to the mitochondria, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum and is expressed in a wide variety of tissues, including the liver and kidney.{14581} Upon cellular stimulation with EGF, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; Item No. 10008014), or Fc?RI, SPHK2 is activated and catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P).{53258,53257} SPHK2 has roles in many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases.{53257,14482,53261,53259,53260} Unlike SPHK1, SPHK2-derived S1P increases apoptosis and inhibits cell growth in vitro.{55502,50993,55503} In vivo, hepatic SPHK2 regenerates S1P intracellularly after its dephosphorylation to sphingosine by the phospholipid phosphatase LPP3 at the cell membrane, which removes a portion of the sphingosine from the circulation. Therefore, inhibition of SPHK2 results in a paradoxical increase in circulating S1P levels as sphingosine returns to the circulation where it can be phosphorylated by SPHK1.{55504} Overexpression of SPHK2 increases intracellular calcium levels and induces apoptosis in NIH3T3 cancer cells and reduces LPS-induced increases in TNF-? and IL-6 levels in isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages in vitro.{14482,53261} SPHK2 activity is increased in postmortem frontal cortex from patients with Alzheimer's disease.{53260} Cayman's Sphingosine Kinase 2 Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 7B3) can be used for ELISA, flow cytometry (FC), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) applications.