Estrogen Receptor a Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Estrogen receptor ? (ER?) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors encoded by ESR1 in humans that has a key role in reproductive function and additional roles in cancer progression and inhibition.{59658,59659,59660} Alternative splicing of the ESR1 pre-mRNA produces one full-length 66 kDa isoform and two short-length 46 and 36 kDa isoforms, which contain truncated C-termini.{59660} ER? is comprised of an N-terminal domain that contains AF-1, which is critical for the transactivation function of ER?, a DNA-binding domain that recognizes estrogen response elements (EREs) on target genes, and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD) that contains the nuclear localization signal.{59659,59658} ER? is widely expressed in numerous tissues, including breast, prostate, uterus, liver, and bone, and localizes to the cytoplasm in a complex with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90).{59660,59659} Upon estrogen stimulation, ER? dissociates from Hsp90, dimerizes, and translocates to the nucleus, where it binds EREs expressed by target genes encoding proteins that activate numerous signaling pathways, including ERK/MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and NF-?B, and influence a variety of cellular processes, including reproductive function, bone homeostasis, and inflammation, as well as tumor progression and metastasis.{59659,59658} ER? is overexpressed in more than 50% of patients with breast cancer, but is associated with improved prognosis, whereas loss of ER? is a feature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and is associated with resistance to hormonal therapy.{59661} Cayman’s Estrogen Receptor ? Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody can be used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) applications.