Melatonin-d4

Melatonin-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of melatonin (Item No. 14427) by GC- or LC-MS. Melatonin is an indoleamine neurohormone whose levels vary in a daily cycle, thereby allowing the entrainment of the circadian rhythms of several biological functions in animals, plants, and microbes.{22956} Many biological effects of melatonin are transduced through melatonin receptors, including the MT1, MT2, and MT3 subtypes.{22956} Melatonin also acts as a powerful antioxidant that protects lipids, proteins, and DNA against oxidative damage.{12743,4781} Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutases, and catalase are upregulated by melatonin, and melatonin scavenges free radicals as a terminal antioxidant.{12743,4781}