IkBa (Phospho-Ser32/36) Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 39A1413)

NF-?B is silenced in the cytoplasm by an inhibitory protein I?B.{18565} Synthesis of I?B? is autoregulated.{18566} I?B proteins are phosphorylated by I?B kinase complex consisting of at least three proteins, IKK1/?, IKK2/?, and IKK3/?.{18543,18544,18545,18540} External stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor or other cytokines initiates a signal transduction cascade that leads to activation of the I?B-kinase complex that specifically phosphorylates I?Ba on serine32 and serine36. Phosphorylation of these sites leads to ubiquitination of I?B? and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. Degradation of I?B? results in unmasking of the nuclear localization signal of NF-?B dimers, which subsequently translocate to the nucleus and activate target genes.{18541,18542} Six members of the I?B family members have been identified.{18565} one of the first genes induced following NF-?B activation is I?B?.