Thioredoxin 80 (human, recombinant)

Truncated thioredoxin 1 (Trx80) is a C-terminally truncated cleavage product of the oxidoreductase Trx1 that acts as a cytokine.{58380,63103} It is expressed primarily in monocytes but also in T cells, activated platelets, and cytotrophoblasts, and localizes to the cell surface.{58380} Trx80 contains three cysteines but does not have oxidoreductase activity, and, unlike Trx, it forms homodimers. It induces proliferation of, and increases the expression of CD14, CD40, CD54, and CD86 in, monocytes, as well as enhances eosinophil-induced cytotoxicity of schistosomes and the secretion of IL-12 and IFN-? in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It also acts as a chemoattractant for monocytes, T cells, and neutrophils. Trx80-activated monocytes inhibit growth of the bacteria L. monocytogenes and B. abortus by inducing their accumulation in lysosomes, but Trx80 increases replication of HIV in infected macrophages.{63104,63105} It inhibits amyloid-? (A?) aggregation in cell-free assays and reduces the toxicity of A? in SH-SY5Y cells.{63106} Levels of Trx80 are reduced in postmortem brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer’s disease.{63103}